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دکتر امیرعباس روائی – ونکوور
مصدر (Infinitive) به‌شکل مصدری و پایه‌ای فعل به‌همراه to گفته می‌شود و لازم است در آزمون نوشتاری و مصاحبهٔ امتحان آیلتس به‌درستی از آن استفاده شود.
در پاراگراف زیر به Infinitiveها و انواع استفاده از آن‌ها توجه کنید:
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To improve my IELTS score, I joined a writing class in a college in my home town. I wanted to make sure that my grammar was as good as it could be. The teachers helped me to understand some complex grammatical points. It is impossible to know everything in a short time, but I improved lot, and I would really like to thank them for what they did. To help me like this was very kind. |
Infinitiveها هم اگر چه از لحاظ ظاهر به افعال شباهت دارند، اما همواره به‌عنوان اسم عمل می‌نمایند، بنابراین می‌توانند به‌عنوان فاعل، مفعول و یا متمم جمله مورد استفاده قرار بگیرند:
| Infinitive به‌عنوان مفعول (object) |
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در این حالت infinitive بعد از فعل بکار می رود. I wanted to make sure that my grammar was as good as it could be. I decided to study abroad, but my parents are refusing to pay. |
بعد از افعال زیر از infinitive استفاده می‌کنیم:
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EXAMPLE SENTENCE |
VERB |
| I can’t afford to pay for IELTS lessons. | afford |
| He agreed to postpone his test. | agree |
| Obesity appears to be getting worse. | appear |
| He asked me to go with him. | ask |
| She claimed to have the answer to the question. | claim |
| My partner and I decided to move house next year. | decide |
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I demand to see the manager! |
demand |
افعال دیگری که بعد از آن‌ها از infinitive استفاده می‌کنیم:
deserve expect fail forget hesitate hope
intend learn manage mean need offer
plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem
tend threaten wait want
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برای مطرح‌کردنِ منظور |
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In order to improve my IELTS score, I joined a writing class in a college in my home town. To improve my IELTS score, I joined a writing class in a college in my home town. I joined the exercise class in order to lose weight. I joined the exercise class to lose weight. |
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به‌عنوان فاعل |
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To help me like this was very kind. To get involved in charity work is a very noble cause. |
| پس از صفات خاص |
| My brother was surprised to see me.
I was careful not to speak too loudly. |
| EXAMPLE SENTENCE | ADJECTIVE |
| It is bad to gossip about your friends. | bad |
| It is dangerous to drive too fast. | dangerous |
| It was difficult to do well in the IELTS reading test. | difficult |
| It is very easy to forget important grammar points in a test. | easy |
| It is always hard to remain focused on your goals in life. | hard |
| It isn’t always fun to learn English. | fun |
| It is important to believe in your abilities. | important |
| It will be impossible for the charity to help everyone. | impossible |
| It is interesting to find out about another country. | interesting |
| It is sometimes necessary to change your plans. | necessary |
| It is relaxing to lie in the sun. | relaxing |